Common terms and abbreviations in the sales contracts

Abbrv.	Term	Modifier	Explanation
B/L	Bill of Lading		Document issued by a carrier, or its agent, to the shipper as a contract of carriage of goods. It is also a receipt for cargo accepted for transportation, and must be presented for taking delivery at the destination. Among other items of information, a B/L contains (1) consignor's and consignee's name, (2) names of the ports of departure and destination, (3) name of the vessel, (4) dates of departure and arrival, (5) itemized list of goods being transported with number of packages and kind of packaging, (6) marks and numbers on the packages, (7) weight and/or volume of the cargo, (8) freight rate and amount. It serves as a proof of ownership (title) of the cargo, and may be issued either in a negotiable or non-negotiable form. In negotiable form, it is commonly used in letter of credit transactions, and may be bought, sold, or traded; or used as security for borrowing money. A B/L is required in all claims for compensation for any damage, delay, or loss; and for the resolution of disputes regarding ownership of the cargo. The rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of the carrier and the shipper under a B/L (often printed on its back) are governed generally either by the older Hague rules, or by the more recent Hague-Visby rules.
AWB	Airway Bill		Type of bill of lading that serves as a (1) receipt of goods by an airline (carrier) and (2) as a contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier. It includes (a) conditions of carriage that define (among other terms and conditions) the carrier's limits of liability and claims procedures, (b) a description of the goods, and (c) applicable charges. The airline industry has adopted a standard format for AWB which is used throughout the world for both domestic and international traffic. Unlike a bill of lading, an AWB is a non-negotiable instrument, does not specify on which flight the shipment will be sent, or when it will reach its destination.
EXW	EX Works	(...named place of shipment)	The seller (normally, the exporter) may be obliged to pay only for loading the goods to the transport delivered to the seller's premises (if particularly agreed). The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay for (if not otherwise agreed) loading the goods to the transport delivered to the seller's premises, delivery of goods to the place of further shipping, export dues and taxes, pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), loading costs, shipping costs, insurance, unloading costs, import dues and taxes, and transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered by the seller at the seller's premises. Applies to any mode of transport.
FAS	Free Alongside Ship	(...named port of shipment)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment (port of loading), export dues and taxes. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), loading costs, shipping costs, insurance, unloading costs, import dues and taxes, and transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered alongside the named vessel at the loading place named by the buyer at the port of shipping (port of loading). Applies to water transport.
FCA	Free Carrier	(...named place of shipment)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the place of shipment (place of loading), export dues and taxes, plus loading costs (if not included into shipping costs). The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), shipping costs, insurance (if required), unloading costs, import dues and taxes, and transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered to the first carrier at the place of shipment (place of loading). Applies to any mode of transport.
FOB	Free On Board	(...named port of shipment)	Same as FCA: The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment (port of loading), export dues and taxes, plus loading costs (if not included into shipping costs). The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), shipping costs, insurance, unloading costs, import dues and taxes, and transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail at the port of shipping (port of loading). Applies to water transport.
CPT	Carriage Paid To	(...named place of destination)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, plus loading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), insurance (if required), unloading costs, import dues and taxes, transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered to the first carrier. Applies to any mode of transport.
CFR	Cost and Freight	(...named port of destination)	Same as CPT: The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, plus loading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), insurance, unloading costs, import dues and taxes, transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered to the first carrier. Applies to water transport.
DAF	Delivered At Frontier	(...named port of destination)	Similar to CPT: The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, plus loading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), insurance (if required), unloading costs, import dues and taxes, transportation from the place of destination at the frontier to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered at the place of destination (place at the buyer's customs border). Applies to any mode of transport.
DES	Delivered Ex Ship	(...named port of destination)	Similar to CFR: The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, insurance till port of destination, plus loading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), insurance not covered by seller, unloading costs, import dues and taxes, transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered at the port of destination (port of unloading). Applies to water transport.
DEQ	Delivered Ex Quay	(...named place of destination)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, both export and import dues and taxes, insurance, plus loading, unloading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered at the quay of the port of destination (port of unloading). Applies to water transport.
CIP	Carriage and Insurance Paid Тo	(...named place of destination)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, plus loading, insurance and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), unloading costs, import duties and taxes, transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods leave the means of transportation at the place of shipping (place of loading). Applies to any mode of transport. In case the carrier is the Liner also levying unloading charges, the seller bears the cost of unloading. In case the carrier is the Liner also levying unloading charges, the seller bears the cost of unloading.
CIF	Cost, Insurance and Freight	(...named port of destination)	Same as CIP: The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, plus loading, insurance and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), unloading costs, import dues and taxes, transportation from the port of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail at the port of shipping (port of loading). Applies to water transport.
DDU	Delivered Duty Unpaid	(...named place of destination)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, export dues and taxes, insurance, plus loading, unloading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), import dues and taxes, transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered at the place of destination (place of unloading). Applies to any mode transport.
DDP	Duty Paid	(...named place of destination)	The seller (normally, the exporter) pays for transportation of the goods to the destination, both export and import dues and taxes, insurance, plus loading, unloading and checking-packing-marking costs. The buyer (normally, the importer) has yet to pay pre-shipment inspection of the goods (if not otherwise arranged), transportation from the place of destination to the delivery place (normally, the importer's factory). All risks are passed from the seller to the buyer when the goods are delivered at the place of destination (place of unloading). Applies to any mode of transport.
FIOS	Free in/out Stowed	(… named port of shipment - … named port of destination)	Consignees are in charge of loading onboard, stowing and discharging. Carrier is in charge of shipping, trimming.
FIOST	Free in/out Stowed & Trimmed	(… named port of shipment - … named port of destination)	Consignees are in charge of loading onboard, stowing, trimming (bulk materials) and discharging. Carrier is in charge of shipping.
FIOSPT	Free in / Free out, Stowed & Spout Trimmed	(… named port of shipment - … named port of destination)	Consignees are in charge of loading onboard, stowing, spout trimming (bulk materials) and discharging. Carrier is in charge of shipping.
FIFO	Free in / Free out	(… named port of shipment - … named port of destination)	vide FIOS
FILO	Free in / Liner out	(… named port of shipment - ...named place of destination)	Consignees are in charge of loading onboard. Liner is in charge of shipping, discharging and releasing to the Consignee at the named terminal.
LIFO	Liner in / Free out	(...named place of shipment - … named port of destination)	Liner is in charge of receiving at its terminal, loading, shipping. Consignees are in charge of discharging.
LILO	Liner in / Liner out	(...named place of shipment - … named place of destination)	Liner is in charge of receiving at its terminal, loading, shipping, and releasing to the Consignees at the Liners named terminal.
FICY	Free in / Container yard	(...named port of shipment - … named place of destination)	Consignees are in charge loading onboard, Liner is in charge of shipping and releasing to the Consignees at a named container yard (often hinterland).
CYCY	Container yard / Container yard	(...named place of shipment - … named place of destination)	Liner is in charge of receiving at a named container yard (often hinterland), loading, shipping, and releasing to the Consignees at another named container yard.
LI-Door	Liner In / Liner to Door	(...named place of shipment - … named place of destination)	Liner is in charge of receiving at its terminal, loading, shipping, and delivering to the Consignees at their door (named place of destination)
AAR	Against All Risks		Insured against all risks
FIFO	First in - First out		The basis of queuing the units at the terminal
BAF	Bunker Adjustment Fee		Additional fee charged by the Liner for higher bunker costs
CAF	Currency Adjustment Fee		Additional fee charged by the Liner for exchange rate fluctuations
B/L Fee	Bill of Lading Fee		Additional fee charged by the Liner for issuing more than X originals of B/L
	Wharfage Fee		Port duty charged to Liner for its use of wharves
	Documentation Fee		Duty for executing documents, etc.
	ISPS Fee		Additional fee charged by the Liner for the ISPS procedures in the ports

EU consultants are drafting a set of rules for Ukrainian ports to regulate investments

The State Administration of Sea and River ports of Ukraine together with the EU Commission work on a new contract framework, that shall regulate the forthcoming investments into port infrastructure. The deadline announced is December 2011.

The document sets conditions for the 30-year concession period within which State reimburses investors for their expenditures plus the agreed interest, and after which State finally takes over the right of property.

The new rules will be first applied at the port of Illychivsk for a 290 mln. USD container terminal project .

www.trans-port.com.ua

Финансовый мониторинг операций в Украине

По материалам UBR

Согласно принятому Закону № 2258-VI, который вносит изменения в Закон "О предотвращении и противодействии легализации (отмыванию) доходов, полученных преступным путем".

 

Теперь, ради собственного спокойствия, не стоит покупать квартиру дороже, чем 400 тыс. гривен. Стоимость авто или ювелирных украшений, которые планируете купить, тоже, от греха подальше, следует ограничить суммой в 150 тысяч. 
Согласно новым нормам закона, нотариусы, адвокаты, юристы, бухгалтеры, торговцы драгоценностями, аудиторы, организаторы лотерей, риэлторы и другие субъекты первичного финмониторинга будут вынуждены докладывать в Государственный комитет финансового мониторинга.

Субъекты первичного финансового мониторинга:

Специальные (новые):	Неспециальные (старые):
адвокаты, нотариусы, юристы	банки, кредитные союзы, ломбарды
риэлторы	страховщики (перестраховщики)
аудиторы, бухгалтеры	платежные организации, члены платежных систем, клиринговые учреждения
организаторы лотереи	операторы почтовой связи, другие учреждения, которые проводят финансовые операции по переводу средств
продавцы драгметаллов за наличные	товарные и фондовые биржи
предприниматели, которые провели финансовую операцию, сумма которой превышает 150 000 грн (часть 1 ст. 15 закона)	компании по управлению активами, профессиональные участники рынка ценных бумаг

Все субъекты перечисленные высше должны, в случае превышения лимита операции, соощить об этом Государственному комитету финансового мониторинга, а тот начинает проверять, откуда такие деньги у рядовых граждан! После того как Комитет по финансовому мониторингу убедится, что операция имеет признак отмывания грязных денег, или терроризма, формируется криминальное дело, которое передается соответствующим органам. А те, в свою очередь, продолжают проверку, и если подтверждается факт нарушения законодательства, передают дело в суд.

Согласно ст. 15 закона, финансовому мониторингу подлежит такая информация:

• переводы денежных средств на анонимные (номерные) счета за границу и поступление денежных средств из анонимного (номерного) счета из-за границы;

• покупка-продажа дорожных чеков или других подобных платежных средств за наличные;

• предоставление или получение кредита (ссуды), в том числе от предприятий, местонахождение которых, относится к, так называемым, неблагонадежным;

• зачисление на счет средств в наличной форме с их последующим переводом того же или следующего операционного дня другому лицу;

• перевод лицом средств за границу при отсутствии внешнеэкономического договора;

• обмен банкнот на банкноты другого номинала;

• проведение финансовых операций с ценными бумагами на предъявителя, не депонируемыми в депозитарных учреждениях;

• проведение финансовых операций с векселями с бланочным индоссаментом или индоссаментом на предъявителя;

• осуществление расчетов в наличной форме;

• проведение финансовых операций, форма расчетов которых не определена;

• получение (уплата, перевод) страхового платежа и проведение страховой выплаты или страхового возмещения;

• выплата (передача) лицу выигрыша в лотерею, внесение другим способом платы за право участия в азартной игре;

• осуществление расчетов по внешнеэкономическим контрактом, которые не предусматривают фактического пересечения таможенной территории Украины товаров, работ и услуг.

Air Emissions control results in higher fuel surcharges

A set of new air emission regulations is coming into force within the next five years. As well as the sulphur content rule wef 2015.

Rough evaluation of the overheads says of $200 additional fuel charges per tonne of fuel.
The changes awaiting us in the 3-year prospect are:
- a 200-nautical mile Emission Control Area (ECA) around North America in 2012, stipulating the use of ECA fuel 10-15% in volume, similar to requirements in the Baltic and North seas;
- carbon factor regulations for marine fuels by 2013.

All the above definitely shall contribute to some extent to the environment, definitely will increase the per ton/per unit transportation costs. Shipping business to be aware and ready.

Though paying for the cleaner Earth and switching to more efficient technologies will be finally transferred down the consumption chains onto the shoulders of the End-Users of the world produce, the new measures are inevitable and well justified.