Conventional Ro-Ro tank-top deck
Pure car carrier footage
The event that threw a lot of light on the car deck safety was the tragedy of the "Herald of Free Enterprise" in 1987:
I started sailing on Ro-Ro ships in 2000. All my captains were experienced masters from former Black Sea Oriental Line, old Ro-Ro professionals. They used to say that there is little time to fight for the Ro-Ro ship being flooded, and there is little chance to survive capsizing once the ship has taken water.
In 2008 Naval Architects came to some new solutions: